Lumbar disc herniation refers to the protrusion or bulging of the intervertebral disc in the lower back (lumbar spine). It occurs when the soft gel-like center of the disc pushes through a weakened or damaged outer layer. This condition can cause compression of nearby spinal nerves, resulting in pain and other symptoms.

1. Pain: The most common symptom is lower back pain that radiates down the buttocks and legs, following the path of the affected nerve.

2. Numbness and tingling: Individuals may experience numbness, tingling, or a pins-and-needles sensation in the legs or feet.

3. Muscle weakness: Weakness in the muscles of the lower extremities, such as the calves or thighs, can occur due to nerve compression.

1. Aging: With age, the intervertebral discs lose their flexibility and resilience, making them more prone to herniation.

2. Spinal injuries: Trauma or injury to the spine can weaken the outer layer of the disc, leading to herniation.

3. Poor posture and body mechanics: Regularly lifting heavy objects improperly or maintaining poor posture can increase the risk of disc herniation.